Instructions: For each item, (1) classify the subjunctive use using the codes below,
(2) parse person and number of the subjunctive verb, (3) give the lexical form, and (4) translate.
Click ▶ Answer to reveal the answer for that row.
Code
Use
HO
Hortatory ("Let us …")
PU
Purpose clause (ἵνα / ὅπως + subj.)
CO
3rd-class conditional (ἐάν + subj.)
IN
Indefinite relative (ὅς ἐάν / ὅπου ἐάν + subj.)
DE
Deliberative ("What should we …?")
FS
Fear statement (μή + subj. after φοβέομαι)
#
Greek Clause
Use Code
Person
Number
Lexical Form
Translation
1
ἀγαπῶμεν ἀλλήλους
HO · 1st · Pl · ἀγαπάω · Let us love one another
2
ἵνα πιστεύσητε
PU · 2nd · Pl · πιστεύω · In order that you may believe
3
ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν
CO · 1st · Sg · λέγω · If I say to you
4
ὅς ἐὰν ἀκούσῃ
IN · 3rd · Sg · ἀκούω · Whoever hears
5
τί ποιήσωμεν
DE · 1st · Pl · ποιέω · What should we do?
6
ἵνα σωθῶσιν
PU · 3rd · Pl · σῴζω · In order that they might be saved
7
μὴ φοβηθῶμεν
HO · 1st · Pl · φοβέομαι · Let us not fear
8
ἐὰν ὁμολογήσῃ
CO · 3rd · Sg · ὁμολογέω · If he confesses
9
ὅπου ἐὰν εἰσέλθῃ
IN · 3rd · Sg · εἰσέρχομαι · Wherever he enters
10
ποῦ ὑπάγω
DE · 1st · Sg · ὑπάγω · Where am I going? / where should I go?
11
ἵνα γνῶτε
PU · 2nd · Pl · γινώσκω · In order that you may know
12
εἰσέλθωμεν εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν
HO · 1st · Pl · εἰσέρχομαι · Let us enter into the rest
13
ἐὰν μὴ φάγητε
CO · 2nd · Pl · ἐσθίω · Unless you eat
14
ὃς ἐὰν ποιήσῃ τὸ θέλημα
IN · 3rd · Sg · ποιέω · Whoever does the will
15
ἵνα πλησθῶσιν
PU · 3rd · Pl · πληρόω · In order that they might be filled
16
πῶς σωθῶμεν
DE · 1st · Pl · σῴζω · How can we be saved?
17
φοβοῦμαι μὴ πλανηθῆτε
FS · 2nd · Pl · πλανάω · I fear that you may be led astray
18
ἵνα ζήσωσιν
PU · 3rd · Pl · ζάω · In order that they might live
19
ἐὰν ᾖ ἀγαθός
CO · 3rd · Sg · εἰμί · If he is good
20
ἄγωμεν ἐκεῖθεν
HO · 1st · Pl · ἄγω · Let us go from there
Discussion Questions
Hortatory subjunctives (items 1, 7, 12, 20) are all 1st plural. Is this a grammatical requirement or a functional coincidence? Can there be a hortatory 2nd person? Give a reason why the 1st person is overwhelmingly dominant in this use.
Items 3, 8, 13, 19 are 3rd-class conditionals (ἐάν + subjunctive). What does the 3rd class signal about the speaker's assumption regarding the likelihood of the condition? Compare with 1st class (εἰ + indicative).
Item 17 uses μή + subjunctive after φοβοῦμαι. This is the "fear clause" construction. How does the meaning differ from μή + subjunctive as a simple prohibition? Write the prohibition form of "do not be led astray" and contrast.